UDC 635.658:631.527 https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.19.2.2023.282548

Characteristics of introduced lentil varieties

(Lens culinaris Medik.) in the Southern Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine

S. M. Kholod^1*, N. V. Kuzmyshyna², O. V. Tryhub¹, V. M. Kirian¹

¹Ustymivka Experimental Station of Plant Production of Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine,

15 Akademika Vavylova St., Ustymivka, Hlobyno district, Poltava region, 39074, Ukraine, *e-mail: svitlanakholod77@ukr.net

²Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS, National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine,

142 Heroiv Kharkova Ave, Kharkiv, 61060, Ukraine, e-mail: ncpgru@gmail.com

Purpose. To evaluate the introduced lentil varieties (Lens culinaris Medik.) originating from Canada and Spain in the conditions of the Southern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine according to a complex of indicators of productivity and adap­tability. Methods. During 2019–2021, in the conditions of the plant research station Ustymivka Experimental Station of Plant Production of the Plant Production Institute of the NAAS of Ukraine (Poltava Region, 49^o18’21”N, 33^o13’56”E), 26 new samples of lentils from Canada and Spain were studied. In the pod and seed ripening stage (BBCH 86–90), under field and laboratory conditions, indicators of yield, productivity, 1000 seed weight, early-ripening, plant height and height from the soil of the first pod, number of pods and seeds per plant, number of seeds in a pod, pod parameters. Results. In the process of studying the new lentil samples, it was found that their productivity varied from 127 to 258 g/m², with the most productive varieties being ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC Cherie’ (Canada), ‘Angela’, ‘Amaya’ (Spain). Throughout the study period, the highest productivity, according to the indicator “seed weight per plant”, was shown by the plants of the following lentil varieties: ‘CDC Cherie’ (4.4 g), ‘CDC Creenstar’ (4.2 g), ‘CDC Greenland’ (4.5 g), ‘CDC Imigreen’ (4.4 g), ‘CDC QG-2’ (4.1 g), ‘CDC Impulse’ (4.0 g) (Canada), ‘Angela’ (4.6 g) (Spain). Plant productivity was high, both in terms of increased number of seeds and 1000 seed weight. The highest level of the indicator of the number of pods per plant was recorded in the lentil varieties ‘CDC Imax’ (64.4 pcs), ‘CDC Impala’ (65.5 pcs), ‘CDC QG-2’ (67.4 pcs), ‘CDC Creenstar’ (67.8 pcs), ‘CDC Cherie’ (75.2 pcs) (Canada), ‘Amaya’ (64.8 pcs), ‘Angela’ (75.1 pcs) (Spain). Almost all the examined samples were of medium ripeness (81–85 days) and optimal for the Southern Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The Canadian varieties ‘CDC QG-2’, ‘CDC SB-2’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Imvincible’, ‘CDC Impact’ were the earliest (76 days). Varieties combining several valuable characteristics deserve special attention: ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC Greenland’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Impact’ (Canada), ‘Angela’ (Spain). Conclusions. The above mentioned varieties can be recommended as sources of valuable traits for practical use in breeding, and they are also suitable for cultivation in the Southern Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine.

Keywords: valuable economic characters; productivity; growing season; plant height; 1000 seed weight.

Svitlana Kholod

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2443-0879

Nataliia Kuzmyshyna

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-1760

Viktor Kirian

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-8507

Oleg Tryhub

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-9828

Introduction

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important legume crop grown for food and fodder and is one of the oldest crops cultivated by humans [1, 2], which is currently not widespread in Ukraine [3]. Lentils are grown in over 52 countries. The main lentil producing count­ries are Canada, India, USA, Turkey, Austra­lia, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Russian Federation, Bangladesh, China and Ethiopia, which account for more than 93% of world production. Today, lentils are grown on an area of 6.1 million hectares worldwide, with an annual production of 6.3 million tonnes and a yield of 1,038 kg/ha

[4, 5]. In Ukraine, the average yield of lentils is between 10–12 t/ha and is grown in forest-steppe and steppe zones [6].

According to the literature, lentil seeds contain between 20 and 36% protein, depending on the variety [5, 7]. It is a source of B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin), -carotene, essential minerals (such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron), has a high content of essential amino acids [8, 9], is rich in complex carbohydrates, is an important source of energy [10, 11], and has therapeutic value [12, 13]. Among the leguminous crops, lentils is an important food crop in terms of global production, trade and popularity among final consumers [14], so it is widely used in diets and daily nutrition [15, 16]. Like all other leguminous crops, it cont­ributes to the accumulation of nitrogen in the soil, improving its fertility and structural properties. In addition, lentils clear land early and use moisture sparingly, making it a good precursor for winter crops [17, 18].

However, the issue of lentil genetics and breeding is still not given enough attention in our country, which undoubtedly hinders the development of effective breeding methods for this valuable food crop and its diffusion in production. In order to increase the productive potential of lentils, it is important to study its gene pool, taking into account the main elements of productivity (biological and morphological). At the same time, the most important work is the search for new sources, the creation and selection of breeding material adapted to the conditions of a specific region, taking into account the variability of the environment and its limiting factors.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the newly introduced lentil varieties of Canadian and Spanish breeding in the conditions of the southern part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe according to a set of indicators of producti­vity and adaptability.

Materials and methods

The field and laboratory research was conducted in the introductory quarantine nursery of the Ustymivka Experimental Station of Plant Production of the Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (hereinafter – UESPP) during 2019–2021 (Ustymivka village, Kremenchuk district, Poltava region. Location 49^o18’21”N, 33^o13’56”E, 94 m above sea level). In the area where the UESPP is located, the climate is moderately continental with unstable humidity, cold winters, hot and often dry summers. The average annual temperature is +8.2 C, with a maximum of +38 C (July) and a minimum of –26 C (January). It should be noted that the average annual temperature in the region has increased by more than 1 C in the last 10 years. Annual rainfall ranges from 430 to 480 mm. The soils are medium-loamy heavy chernozems with a humus content of up to 3.84%.

The following lentil varieties from Canada were tested ‘CDC KR-1’, ‘CDC Marble’, ‘CDC Asterix’, ‘CDC KR-2’, ‘CDC Peridot’, ‘CDC Cherie’, ‘CDC Dazil’, ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC QG-2’, ‘CDC SB-2’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Imvincible’, ‘CDC Maxim’, ‘CDC Proclaim’, ‘CDC Greenland’, ‘CDC Impact’, ‘CDC Impala’, ‘CDC Imax’, ‘CDC Imigreen’, ‘CDC Impower’; from Spain ‘Alcor’, ‘Angela’, ‘Amaya’, ‘Pardina’, ‘Lenteja Lura’, ‘Lenteja Aplo’. The exa­mined material is a part of the samples received by the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine within the framework of the ecological study of foreign material based on a complex of economically valuable characteristics in different zones.

Field trials were carried out on a bare fallow with generally accepted agricultural machi­nery. The design of the trials, the evaluation and analysis of the data obtained in terms of yield and quality indicators were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations for the study of genetic resources of leguminous crops [19]. The sowing was carried out manually in two repetitions during the optimum period for lentils (I–II decade of April). The three-row plots are 4 m long with 0.20 m between rows, with an area of 2.4 m². The sowing rate is 100 seeds per 1 m². The standard variety used is ‘Linza’, a lentil of Ukrainian origin, sown in 20 numbers. Manual weeding was сrop care.

Observations and descriptions of the variety samples were made during the growing season. During the growing season, the following phenological stages of lentil development were recorded: seedling (BBCH 09), beginning of flo­wering (BBCH 60), full flowering (BBCH 65), development of fruit (BBCH 71), full maturity (BBCH 89). At mass flowering, the colour of the flowers was recorded and disease damage to the plant was scored on a 9-point scale. At full maturity stage (BBCH 97) in the field, plant height and the height of the lowest bean pod above the ground were measured. Harvesting was done by hand. After structural analysis, the sheaves were threshed. Under laboratory conditions, a structural analysis was carried out according to the following quantitative characteristics: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and seeds per pod, taking into account the Methodology for the Examination of Plant Varieties of the Leguminous and Cereal Groups for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability [20] and the Manual on Identification Signs of Leguminous Crops (Beans, Chickpeas, Lentils) [21]. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using descriptive statistics. A standard software package (Microsoft Excel) was used to statistically process the research results and to determine the reliability of the obtained experimental data.

The meteorological conditions of the gro­wing season during the period of material research made it possible to analyse the introduced variety samples for their adaptability to the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe and to evaluate them according to economically valuable characteristics.

The spring-summer (April-July) lentil gro­wing season in 2019–2021 was characterised by contrasting hydrothermal indicators, particularly the amount and distribution of precipitation during the lentil growing season (Table 1). The average daily temperature du­ring the lentil vegetation period was 19.2 С (2019), 18.4 С (2020), 18.3 С (2021), the long-term indicator was 16.3 С, the amount of precipitation was 278.3 mm; 152.2 and 231.1 mm, respectively. The weather conditions in 2019 during the growing season were the most favourable for the growth and deve­lopment of lentil plants. In all three years of the study, there was sufficient moisture in the soil during the seedling-flowering period to obtain full-grown seedlings and plant development. During the sowing-germination period of 2019–2021, the average daily temperature was at the level of 9.9 С. The amount of precipitation in 2019 was 28.6 mm, in 2020 – 3.3 mm,

in 2021 – 17.4 mm. In the seedling-flowering phase, the average daily temperature in 2019 was 17.5 C, in 2020 – 14.3, in 2021 – 19.9 С for the norm of 15.9 С, the amount of precipitation – 133.3 mm; 107.2 and 113.4 mm, respectively. This allowed the lentil plants to produce a good vegetative mass and a fully developed ovary. During the period of seeds ripe­ning the average temperature in 2019 was – 23,5 С, in 2020 – 24,8 С, in 2021 –

22,6 С. The amount of precipitation in 2019 was 68.3 mm, in 2020 – 43.1 mm, in 2021 –

105.8 mm (according to the UESPP weather station).

Results and discussion

As a result of the study, the approbation and morphological characteristics of each lentil variety were established (Table 2). The evaluation was carried out under field and laboratory conditions for 25 plants.

Lentil is a cold-resistant crop, so it is sown in early spring when the soil has warmed up to 5 C. In 2019, sowing took place on April, 8, in 2020 on April, 2, in 2021 on April, 14.

In all years, all the lentil varieties had good seedlings. In 2019 the seedlings appeared on April, 18, in 2020 on April, 14, in 2021 – April, 24. The time of flowering was determined when 25% of the lentil plants had at least one flower. Flowering started in the first ten days of June, almost simultaneously in all varieties, except Spanish, which started 3–4 days later. In 2020, due to the dry and warm weather, ripening was earlier – in the first ten days of July. In 2019 and 2021 it was in the second half of July. The length of the growing season is an important biological characteristic of plants and depends on temperature conditions – the higher the average daily air temperature, the shorter the growing season and, conversely, the lower the temperature, the longer the growing season [22]. The length of the growing season and the duration of each phenological phase are very important in the selection of pairs for crossing and in the process of working with hybrid and breeding material, because early ripening varieties ensure timely harvesting, obtaining fully developed high-quality seed material [23]. The duration of the growing season for the studied lentil varieties ranged from 76 to 89 days (Table 2). Almost all the studied samples were of medium maturity (81–85 days), which is optimal for the Southern Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. The earliest maturing varieties (76 days) were the Canadian varieties ‘CDC QG-2’, ‘CDCSB-2’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Imvincible’, ‘CDC Impact’. Flowering of the lentils started on average 37–42 days after the emergence of the culture over the years of research. The most important period, responsible for the number of flowers on a plant, the duration of their formation, the conditions for filling and formation of the lentil crop is the “flowering-full ripening”. Hydrothermal conditions have a significant effect on the duration of this period. Thus, low temperatures or high rainfall can delay ripening and extend the vegetation period by 2–3 weeks. In the structure of the vegetation period, lentil varieties have an average of 12 days for the sowing-germination period, 42 days for the seeding-flowering period and 31 days for the flowering-ripening period. The lentil varieties were studied according to the height of the main stem and the height of the attachment of the lowest bean pods above the soil level. It was found that the productivity of lentil plants depends largely on their height. This is explained by the fact that the longer the plant (shoot), the more fertile nodes, pods and seeds are produced. A lentil variety is considered to be highly technological if the plant height is at least 40 cm [24]. Table 2 shows that lentil varieties differ in plant height, which on average ranged from 30.0 cm (‘CDC Asterix’, Canada) to 44.8 cm (‘Angela’, Spain). At the physiological maturity stage of lentils, the tallest plants were found to be 40.0 cm in the varieties ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC QG-2’, ‘CDC QG-2’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Greenland’, ‘CDC Impact’, ‘CDC Impower’ (Canada), ‘Angela’, ‘Amaya’ (Spain). The coefficient of variation for plant height was 10.6%, range of variation – 14.8 cm.

The height of the attachment of the lowest bean pods and the length of the stem are among the characteristics that characterise the producibility of the variety. A high attachment of the lower pods makes it possible to reduce the loss of the lower tier seeds du­ring mechanised harvesting. Especially valuab­le in this regard are varieties that have a high attachment of the lower pods (more than 15 cm) [24]. The average height of the lower bean pods in the years studied ranged from 10.7 cm (‘Pardina’, Spain) to 24.5 cm (‘CDC Creenstar’, Canada), average variability of the sign was observed (coefficient of variation – 20.0%). Among the introduced studied samples, 50% had a high attachment of the lower pod above the soil level (15–20 cm); the average is 11.0– 14.0 cm in the ‘CDC Marble’ varieties,

‘CDC Asterix’, ‘CDC Peridot’ (Canada), ‘Pardina’ (Spain). In 9 samples (34.6%) very high pod attachment (more than 20.0 cm) were found: ‘CDC Cherie’, ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Invincible’, ‘CDC Maxim’,

‘CDC Proclaim’ (Canada), ‘Angela’, ‘Amaya’, ‘Lenteja Aplo’ (Spain).

The main components of seed productivity include the following characteristics: the number of pods per plant and seeds per plant, the number of seeds in a pod, indicators of bean parameters, the weight of seeds from a plant and 1000 seed weight (Table 3).

The number of pods per plant is a characteristic largely influenced by environmental factors and only 45% is determined by varietal characteristics [25]. During the years of study, under the influence of different conditions, the number of pods per plant in the samples of introduced lentil varieties ranged from 33.2 (‘Aplo’, Spain) to 75.2 pieces (‘CDC Cherie’, Canada), the range of variation was 42 pieces, the variability of the indicator is average (coefficient of variation – 21.3%). According to this indicator, 10 samples (38.5%) had an average number of pods per plant – 41.0–50.0 pcs. Seven lentil varieties had a significant number of pods per plant (51.0–64.0), or 27% of their total number. Some samples were characterised by a rather high number of pods per plant – more than 64.0 pieces. Among them are the varieties ‘CDC Imax’ (64.4 pods), ‘CDC Impala’ (65.5 pods per plant), ‘CDC QG-2’ (67.4 pieces), ‘CDC Creenstar’ (67.8 pieces), ‘CDC Cherie’ (75.2 pieces) (Canada), ‘Amaya’ (64.8 pieces), ‘Angela’ (75.1 pieces) (Spain).

Reproductive capacity of the plant, which is determined by the number of seeds on the plant – the main trait that confers a selective advantage to the genotype. The number of seeds per plant is the derivative of the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds in a pod [26]. The average number of seeds per plant over the years of study ranged from 34.6 (‘Aplo’, Spain) to 123.1 (‘CDC Cherie’, Canada), the range of variation was 87.6 pie­ces, high variability of the indicator was observed (coefficient of variation – 27.8%). The highest number of seeds per plant was produced by the varieties ‘CDC Cherie’ – 123.1 pieces, ‘CDC Impala’ – 93.1, ‘CDC Creenstar’ –

95.1, ‘CDC Imax’ – 92.2, ‘CDC KR-1’ – 92.2, ‘CDC QG-2’ – 94.2, ‘CDC Greenland’ – 91.1, ‘CDC Imigreen’ – 91.5, ‘CDC Impact’ – 92.0 (Canada), ‘Angela’ – 123.0, ‘Amaya’ – 96.2 (Spain). The number of seeds in a pod in the introduced lentil varieties was on average 2 seeds. The range of variation was 0.5 pieces weak coefficient of variation – 8.8%.

The average length of the pod over the years of study was between 11 and 20 mm, with a range of variation of 9 mm, and little variabili­ty (coefficient of variation – 14.5%). The longest pod was found in the Canadian variety ‘CDC Creenstar’ (20 mm). The average pod width of the new lentil varieties was 7 mm. Sixteen varieties (61.5%) with a pod width of 4–7 mm were identified. Nine varieties (34.6%) – at the level of 8–10 mm. The widest pod was found in the variety ‘CDC Creenstar’ (Canada) – 11 mm. It should be noted that the colour of the lentil grain is an important qua­lity parameter, as it affects the consumer’s perception and thus the cost of a lentil pro­duct [27]. In introduced lentil varieties, the colour of the seed coat was observed: pink, green, yellow-green, grey, brown, grey-red.

The yield of lentils depends on the producti­vity of the plants, which in turn depends on the interaction of a number of crop structure indicators. One such element is the weight of 1000 seeds, which largely recognises the performance of the variety and is also an important component characterising the food benefits of the variety. The average value of the weight of 1000 seeds in the studied varieties was 37.8 g. The range of variation was 38.6 g. Among the newly introduced lentil studied varieties with a big weight of 1000 seeds – 64.1 g – the varie­ty ‘CDC Creenstar’ (Spain) stood out, according to the average – the Canadian varieties ‘CDC Peridot’ (41.0 g), ‘CDC Impulse’ (45.2 g), ‘CDC Impact’ (55.0 g), ‘CDC Imigreen’ (50.5 g), ‘CDC Impower’ (55.0 g), ‘CDC Dazil’ (40.6 g). The Spanish varieties had a small seed weight ran­ging from 27.0 to 33.3 g.

The seed weight per plant of the lentil varieties ranged from 4.6 g (‘Angela’) to 1.2 g (‘Len­teja Aplo’, Spain), with an average of 3.2 g.

The productivity of the varieties from Canada ranged from 2.0 to 4.5 g. Six varieties were recorded with a seed weight per plant of more than 4.0 g: ‘CDC Cherie’ – 4.4 g, ‘CDC Creenstar’ – 4.2 g, ‘CDC Greenland’ – 4.5 g, ‘CDC Imigreen’ – 4.4 g, ‘CDC QG-2’ – 4.1 g, ‘CDC Impulse’ – 4.0 g (Canada), ‘CDC Imigreen’ – 4.4 g, ‘CDC QG-2’ – 4.1 g, ‘CDC Impulse’ – 4.0 g (Canada), ‘Angela’ – 4.6 g (Spain), which have relatively high plant productivity rates due to the larger number of pods per plant.

Yield depends on many factors, determined both by the genetic characteristics of the

plants – resistance to diseases, pests and stres­ses, root absorption capacity, ratio of grain to by-products, etc. – and by the environmental conditions – sufficient light, moisture and nut­rients in the soil. Seed yield per unit area consists of the productivity of a plant and its total number. Genotype and environmental conditions are the dominant factors influencing the amount of crop harvested [28]. On average over three years of research, the most productive varieties were ‘CDC Creenstar’

250 g/m², CDC ‘Cherie’ 248 g/m² (Canada), ‘Angela’ 258 g/m² and ‘Amaya’ 250 g/m² (Spain), i.e. 28.0, 26.0, 35.0, 28.0 g/m² more than the standard. The ‘CDC Greenland’ varieties were characterised by a relatively high ave­rage yield at the standard level, ‘CDC KR-1’, ‘CDC Asterix’ – 210–228 g/m² (Table 3).

Varieties combining several valuable traits deserve special attention. In particular, as a result of the study of the newly introduced lentil material, promising samples have been selected which can be used as source material for breeding according to the following economic and valuable characteristics:

– productivity (> 230 g/m²) (in the standard variety ‘Linza’ – 222 g/m²), the number of pods per plant (> 60.0 pcs.), the number of seeds per plant (> 90.0 pcs) and the productivi­ty of the plant (> 4.0 g) – ‘CDC Cherie’, ‘CDC QG-2’, ‘CDC Imigreen’, ‘CDC Greenland’ (Canada), ‘Angela’ (Spain);

– productivity (> 230 g/m²) (in the standard variety ‘Linza’ – 222 g/m²), number of pods per plant (> 60.0 pcs), number of seeds per plant (> 90.0 pcs) – ‘CDC KR-1’ (Canada), ‘Amaya’ (Spain);

– productivity (> 230 g/m²) (in the standard variety ‘Linza’ – 222 g/m²), number of pods per plant (> 60.0 pcs.), number of seeds per plant (> 90.0 pcs), plant productivity (> 4.0 g) and weight of 1000 seeds (> 50.0 g) – ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC Impact’ (Canada);

– number of pods per plant (> 60.0) and number of seeds per plant (> 90.0) – ‘CDC Imax’, ‘CDC Impala’ (Canada).

Conclusions

In order to determine the possibility of realising the genetic potential of introduced samples, it is important to carry out research over a number of years to record the behavior of the samples under different agronomic conditions. Under the conditions of the southern part of the Ukrainian Forest Steppe, the investigated lentil samples produced grain yields ranging from 127 to 258 g/m². Analysis of the average yield over the years of research shows that the most productive varieties include ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC Cherie’ (Canada), ‘Angela’, ‘Amaya’ (Spain). On average during the years of research, the following lentil varieties showed the highest productivity – ‘CDC Cherie’ (4.4 g), CDC Creenstar’ (4.2 g), ‘CDC Greenland’ (4.5 g), ‘CDC Imigreen’ (4.4 g), ‘CDC QG-2’ (4.1 g), ‘CDC Impulse’ (4.0 g) (Canada), ‘Angela’ (4.6 g) (Spain). Plant productivity was high, both in terms of increased seed number and 1000 seed weight. The varieties ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC Greenland’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Impact’ (Canada), ‘Angela’ (Spain) were selected on the basis of the set of characteristics. The above varieties can be recom­mended as sources of valuable characteristics for practical use in breeding, and they are also suitable for cultivation in the Southern Forest Steppe zone, provided that they are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Sui­table for Distribution in Ukraine.

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Table 1

Hydrothermal regime during the years of lentil research (2019–2021)

Note: X – a multi-year average.

Table 2

Evaluation of introduced lentil varieties by morphological and economic characteristics

(average for 2019–2021)

Note: Х, min, max, x – the average, minimum and maximum value, respectively; R (max–min) – range of variation; V – the coefficient of variation.

Table 3

Evaluation of lentil samples by elements of the productivity structure (average for 2019–2021)

УДК 635.658:631.527

Холод С. М.¹*, Кузьмишина Н. В.², Тригуб О. В.¹, Кір’ян В. М.¹ Характеристика інтродукованих сорто­зразків сочевиці (Lens culinaris Medik.) у зоні Південного Лісостепу України. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection. 2023. Т. 19, № 2. С. 72–80. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.19.2.2023.282548

¹Устимівська дослідна станція рослинництва Інституту рослинництва ім. В. Я. Юр’єва НААН України, вул. Академіка Вавилова, 15, с. Устимівка, Глобинський р-н, Полтавська обл., 39074, Україна, *e-mail: svitlanakholod77@ukr.net

²Інститут рослинництва ім. В. Я. Юр’єва НААН. Національний центр генетичних ресурсів рослин України, пр-т Героїв Харкова, 142, м. Харків, 61060, Україна, e-mail: ncpgru@gmail.com

Мета. Інтродуковані сорти сочевиці (Lens culinaris Medik.), країнами походження яких є Канада та Іспанія, оцінити за комплексом показників продуктивності й адаптивності, продемонстрованих ними в умовах південної частини Лісостепу України. Методи. Впродовж 2019–2021 рр. на Устимівській дослідній станції рослинництва Інституту рослинництва ім. В. Я. Юр’єва НААН (Полтавська обл., 49^o18’21” N, 33^o13’56” E) досліджували 26 нових зразків сочевиці, що походять з Іспанії та Канади. У фазі достигання бобів і насіння (BBCH 86–90) в польових та лабораторних умовах визначали показники врожайності, продуктивності, маси 1000 насінин, скоростиглості, висоти рослин та прикріплення нижніх бобів над рівнем ґрунту, кількості бобів і насіння на рослині, кількості насіння в бобі, параметри бобу. Результати. Виявлено значне варіювання врожайності нових зразків сочевиці – від 127 до 258 г/м². Найбільшими її показниками відзначилися сорти ‘CDC Creenstar’ і ‘CDC Cherie’ з Канади та ‘Angela’ й ‘Amaya’ з Іспанії. Найпродуктивнішими під час досліджень виявилися ‘CDC Cherie’ (4,4 г), ‘CDC Creenstar’ (4,2 г), ‘CDC Greenland’ (4,5 г), ‘CDC Imigreen’ (4,4 г), ‘CDC QG-2’ (4,1 г), ‘CDC Impulse’ (4,0 г) – Канада; ‘Angela’ (4,6 г) – Іспанія, що зумовлено підвищеними кількістю насінин і масою 1000 зерен. Найбільшу кількість бобів на рослині зафіксовано в сортів ‘CDC Imax’ (64,4 шт.), ‘CDC Impala’ (65,5 шт.), ‘CDC QG-2’ (67,4 шт.), ‘CDC Creenstar’ (67,8 шт.) і ‘CDC Cherie’ (75,2 шт.) – Канада; ‘Amaya’ (64,8 шт.) та ‘Angela’ (75,1 шт.) –

Іспанія. Майже всі досліджені зразки виявилися середньостиглими (81–85 діб) та оптимальними для зони Південного Лісостепу України. Найскоростиглішими (76 діб) були канадські сорти ‘CDC QG-2’, ‘CDC SB-2’, ‘CDC Impulse’, ‘CDC Imvincible’ та ‘CDC Impact’. На особливу увагу заслуговують ‘CDC Creenstar’, ‘CDC Greenland’, ‘CDC Impulse’ та ‘CDC Impact’ з Канади, а також ‘Angela’ з Іспанії, які поєднали в собі кілька цінних ознак. Висновки. Вищезазначені сорти є придатними для вирощування в зоні Південного Лісостепу України та можуть бути рекомендовані як джерела цінних ознак для практичного використання в селекції.

Ключові слова: сочевиця; сортозразки; цінні господарські ознаки; продуктивність; вегетаційний період; висота рослин; маса 1000 насінин.

Надійшла / Received 02.06.2023

Погоджено до друку / Accepted 26.06.2023