Plant varieties studying and protection

Microsatellite analysis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes

N. E. Volkova — 2025-08-05

Purpose. To investigate the polymorphism of chickpea genotypes at microsatellite loci within the QTL-hotspot region of linkage group 4, associated with drought tolerance. Methods. DNA extraction and purification from seedlings using the CTAB method; polymerase chain reaction; horizontal gel electrophoresis; determination of amplification product sizes using the “GelAnalyzer” software; cluster analysis using the “MEGA12” software. Results. Of the 26 samples analyzed from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) collection, one to eight alleles were identified at the following microsatellite (SSR) loci within the QTL-hotspot region of linkage group 4 in the chickpea genome: ICCM0249, NCPGR127, TAA170, NCPGR21, TA130 and STMS11. The distribution of SSR locus alleles in the samples under study was compared with that in chickpea samples from various breeding centers, including those in Ukraine. Genetic distances were calculated for the 26 ICRISAT samples and seven Ukrainian varieties. A dendrogram was constructed which grouped the samples into seven clusters; the Ukrainian chickpea varieties formed a separate cluster. Conclusions. The chickpea samples from the ICRISAT collection were found to be polymorphic at SSR loci ICCM0249, TAA170, and TAA130, with three, five, and eight alleles respectively, and monomorphic at three SSR loci: STMS11, NCPGR127, and NCPGR21. This distribution of polymorphic and monomorphic alleles corresponded to that observed in the Ukrainian chickpea varieties. Cluster analysis revealed that the Ukrainian varieties formed a distinct group, suggesting differences in genetic origin and breeding approaches compared to the ICRISAT collection.

Creation of source for marking and mapping of frost resistance QTL in winter barley

V. I. Fait — 2025-08-05

Purpose. Creation the sets of recombinant-inbred lines for marking and mapping of frost resistance QTL in winter barley. Methods. Hybridization, artificial vernalization, growing plants under long-day conditions in phytotron light chambers and on a plot of land under natural daylight duration condition, DNA isolation with use CTAB-buffer, spectrophotometric determination of DNA concentration, polymerase chain reaction with direct primers, agarose and polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis, method of mathematical statistics chi-square test (χ²). Results. Using the SSD (single seed descent) method with maximum avoidance of selection, a set of 265 recombinant inbred lines F₉ from the cross combination of the varieties ‘Khutorok’ / ‘Grabe’ was created, differing in the level of frost resistance, type of development and other traits. The creation of RIL from the crossing of the varieties ‘Akademichnyi’ / ‘Luran’ (170 lines F₄) and ‘Tymofeі’ / ‘Snihova Koroleva’ (145 lines F₅) continues. The polymorphism of parental genotypes for the 14 microsatellite loci of chromosome 5H, including those localized in the region of the Fr-H1 and Fr-H2 key genes of the main frost resistance QTL. The allelic differences between parental varieties in several cross combinations were detected for a number of the studied microsatellite loci. The inheritance pattern of polymorphic microsatellite loci alleles in F₁ hybrids from three cross combinations and individual plants from F₂ populations ‘Akademichnyi’ / ‘Luran’ was investigated. Conclusions. The created RILs are suitable for use in barley genetic studies for identification, labeling, mapping of the main genes and QTL of qualitative and quantitative traits, primarily frost resistance. Polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified, which can be used for further analysis of recombinant-inbred lines, manipulation of genetic diversity, tracing inheritance and studying the effects of their alleles by the level of frost resistance and other traits of barley.

Dependence of sugar beet seed sowing qualities on zinc-containing preparation treatment

O. M. Hanzhenko — 2025-08-05

Purpose. To establish the optimal rate of application of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn preparation, to ensures the highest sowing quality of sugar beet seeds. Methods. Biological (conducting laboratory experiments) and statistical (descriptive statistics, variance, correlation and regression analyses). Results. Laboratory studies showed that the variation in the germination energy of sugar beet seeds depends to some extent on their treatment with the YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn fertiliser preparation (15.5%), as well as on the seed batch (12.7%). However, genetic differences between the domestic hybrids studied had the greatest influence (61.1%). As for the variation in laboratory similarity, 41.6% was caused by the aforementioned fertiliser and 36.7% by genetic differences. The germination energy of the seeds also changed depending on the application rate of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn. Specifically, germination energy increased to 84.9% when 3 l/t was applied (compared to 80.7% for the control variant), and to 88.6% when 6 l/t was applied. Increasing the amount of fertiliser further to 9 l/t did not significantly affect germination energy; in fact, using the maximum rate for the experiment (12 l/t) reduced it to 86.9%. An increase in laboratory germination was achieved by treating the seeds with YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn at rates of 3 and 6 l/t, increasing the percentage from 86.6% (control) to 91.8% and 96.6%, respectively. However, a further increase in the amount of fertiliser to 9 or 12 l/t resulted in a decrease in laboratory germination. In these variants of the experiment, the figures were 96.3% and 91.9%, respectively. Regression equations were established to predict the germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds, as well as to optimise the application rates of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn. Conclusions. The optimal application rate of the zinc-containing preparation YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn for maximising the germination energy of sugar beet seeds was found to be 9 l/t for the 'ITsB 0904' hybrid and 6 l/t for the 'Ruteniia 11' hybrid. The highest laboratory germination rate was achieved using 6 l/t of this fertiliser. However, exceeding the optimal rates can lead to inhibition of germination, although the genetic potential of the hybrid is also important for this. It can also lead to a decrease in laboratory germination, which is primarily influenced by treatment with the specified zinc-containing preparation. The developed regression models are valuable tools for predicting sowing quality and the rational use of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn fertiliser under production conditions.

Growth characteristics of foreign willow (Salix viminalis L.) varieties on leached chernozems of the Central Forest-Steppe

Ya. D. Fuchylo — 2025-08-05

Purpose. To analyze the growth characteristics of six varieties of basket willow plantations over eight years of cultivation in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Establish the optimal age for harvesting biomass. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical. Results. Biometric studies of eight-year-old shoots from plantations revealed differences in their height, diameter, and weight. The cultivar ‘Inger’ had the highest values: 6.42 m, 3.3 cm, and 1.76 kg, respectively. The values were slightly lower for ‘Tordis’: 6.25 m, 3.1 cm, and 1.67 kg. The heights of the other varieties ranged from 5.90 m (‘Warm-maz’) to 6.13 m (‘Wilhelm’), the diameters ranged from 1.85 cm (‘Gigantea’) to 2.55 cm (‘Marzencinski’), and the dry weights of the shoots ranged from 0.89 kg (‘Gigantea’) to 1.05 kg (‘Marzencinski’). Dry biomass productivity ranged from 9.55 t/ha (‘Gigantea’) to 36.9 t/ha (‘Inger’). A significant decrease in annual height growth was observed in all the studied cultivars: after five years in ‘Tordis’, after four years in ‘Wilhelm’, ‘Inger’, ‘Gigantea’, and ‘Marzencinski’, and after three years in ‘Warm-maz’. A significant decrease in diameter growth was observed after five years in ‘Wilhelm’, after three years in ‘Tordis’, and after four years in the rest. Conclusions. The first harvesting of biomass from the studied plantations should be carried out at the age of four years, and the subsequent harvesting at the age of three or two years.