Analysis of the phytosanitary state of crops of various soybean varieties in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose. To analyze the phytosanitary state of soybean crops in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine and to determine the most resistant cultivars to the complex of diseases for further use in breeding practice.

Methods. 35 soybean sorts of different origin from the collection of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Study (NAAS) were under research. Resistance of soybean varieties to peronosporosis, phomopsis and ash rot was evaluated in the context of natural infectious process and to a fusariosis – on a provocative basis.

Results. The species composition of soybean pathogenic diseases was determined during the planting in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. During the vegetation period the development of sprout fusariosis and root rot, on adult plants in the flowering phase – perenospores, in the phase of beans ripening – ash rot, stems and beans burn and other diseases were observed. The most common in soybean agrocenosis were representatives of mycoflora: Fusarium sp., Pevonospora manskurica (Naum.) Syd., Macro­phomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid., Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cke. Et Ell) Sacc. var. sojae Wehm. It is worth to note that the specific composition of pathogens varied in dependence of soy cultivar. The varieties ‘Lambert’, ‘Yurivka’ and ‘Yuvileina’ were dominated with the infection of Fusarium spp., and also a large number of plants was infected by P. manskurica perenosporosis. ‘Chernovytska 8’ variety stood out with intense ash rot infestation. In the pathogenic complex ‘Apolon’, ‘Odesa 150’, ‘Yurivka’ and ‘L-2’ varieties the emergence of ash rot and phomapsis were marked. ‘Apolon’, ‘Ustia’ and ‘L-2’ varieties were diagnosed with phomopsis.

Conclusions. According to the analysis, the soybean varieties ‘Arkadiia Odeska’, ‘Chornobura’, ‘Yatran’, ‘Berehynia’, ‘Stepovychka’, ‘Znakhidka’, ‘Medeia’, ‘Mariana’, ‘Vasylkivska’, ‘Faeton’, ‘Selek­ta’ were characterized by the complex resistance to fusario­sis, peronosporosis, ash rot and phomopsis.