Formation of crop structure of corn hybrids at different seeding dates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.15.2.2019.173570Keywords:
hybrid, ear, indicators of suitability for distribution, grain yield, sowing dates, productivity, crop capacity, moisture content of grainAbstract
Purpose. To determine the features of the formation of biometric indicators of the corn hybrids yield at different sowing dates in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field experiments were laid on a plot of the experimental field of the research and production breeding enterprise LLC “Rasava” (Pustovarivka village, Skvyrskyi district, Kyiv region), located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Economically valuable and morpho-biological parameters of corn hybrids were studied according to a unified method for determining the indices of suitability for distribution in Ukraine.
Results. The morphometric indices of the plant productivity formation and the yield of corn hybrids (plant height, length of the ear, number of grain rows, number of grains per row, grain yield from the ear) at the different dates of sowing (April 25, 10 and 25) were the most stable at the early term (April 25). The early-ripe hybrid ‘Richka SV’ provided the highest yield at sowing on April 25 – 11.6 t/ha, which is 1.5 t/ha more than at the traditionally accepted date of sowing – the first decade of May (May 10). The medium early hybrid ‘Richka S’, also at an early sowing date (April 25), produced yields of 11.3 t/ha, which is 0.6 t/ha more than during sowing on May 10.
Conclusions. The morphometric indices of the formation of plant productivity and the timing of seeding affect the yield of corn hybrids in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
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Ukrainian Institute for Plant Varieties Examination 
Селекційно-генетичний інститут
Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
The National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine