Визначення біохімічних показників насіння ріпаку озимого у різних умовах вирощування

Oksana Topchii; Larysa Korol; Iryna Dikhtiar; Alla Ivanytska; Iryna Bezprozvana

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.18.4.2022.273990

Authors

Oksana Topchii Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2797-2566
Larysa Korol Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-0015
Iryna Dikhtiar Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-6121
Alla Ivanytska Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-4728
Iryna Bezprozvana Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4240-7605

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.4.2022.273990

Keywords:

winter rapeseed, oil content, “crude protein”, glucosinolates, oil collection, protein collection

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the biochemical indicators of seed quality of winter rape varieties grown under different conditions.

Methods. During the research, the following methods were used: laboratory, calculation and statistical, to prepare conclusions – analysis and synthesis.

Results. According to the results of laboratory studies, biochemical indicators of the quality of seeds of winter rape varieties, grown in different conditions, were established, namely: the content of oil, “crude protein” and glucosinolates. Meteorological conditions during the vegetation period of plants of the corresponding soil and climate zone have a significant influence on the quality indicators of seeds. Based on the results of the research, it was established that in 2022, compared to 2020, the biochemical indicators of winter rapeseed were higher. The increase in yield by 1.6 t/ha in the Steppe zone, 1.1 t/ha – Forest-Steppe, 1.4 t/ha – Polissia ensured an increase in oil content by 2.4% – Steppe, 6.6% – Forest-Steppe, 6.7% – Polissia and oil collection per hectare by 0.74 t/ha – Steppe and Polissia, 0.62 t/ha – Forest-Steppe. For the content of “crude protein”, a decrease in the index was observed, namely: by 3.1% in the Steppe zone, 5.8% in the Forest-Steppe and 5.0% in the Polissia in 2022 compared to 2020. Meteorological conditions of the research years in the corresponding soil and climatic zones had an influence on the content of glucosinolates. For the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, the indicators were identical and amounted to 0.7%, 0.8% (Polissia), while in 2021, for the Steppe and Polissia zones, the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed was 0.8% and 0.9% more, compared to the indicators obtained in other years of research.

Conclusions. It was established that, on average, for 2020–2022, the total oil content in seeds of rape was 46.2% – Steppe, 47.5% – Forest-Steppe, 47.8% – Polissia; “crude protein” content – 19.6% – Steppe, 18.4% – Forest-Steppe, 17.9% – Polissia; the content of glucosinolates was 0.7% in the Steppe and Forest-steppe zones, 0.8% in the Polissia; oil collection in the Steppe zone 1.31 t/ha, Forest-Steppe – 1.16 t/ha, Polissia – 1.33 t/ha; protein collection per hectare is 0.54 t/ha in Steppe, 0.44 t/ha in Forest-Steppe and 0.48% in Polissia. Growing conditions over the years of research in the corresponding zone affect the formation of biochemical indicators of winter rapeseed.

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