Екологічна пластичність сортів пшениці озимої залежно від прикореневого азотного підживлення в умовах Східного Лісостепу України

С. І. Попов; О. Ю. Леонов; К. М. Попова; С. В. Авраменко

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.15.3.2019.181087

Authors

С. І. Попов Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-4454
О. Ю. Леонов Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-8658
К. М. Попова Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8741-0448
С. В. Авраменко Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-8441

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.15.3.2019.181087

Keywords:

winter wheat, variety, doses of nitrogen, yield, ecological plasticity, agronomic stability

Abstract

Purpose. Evaluate the adaptability of modern winter wheat varieties by environmental parameters and determine the level of productivity depending on the weather conditions of the year, the basic fertilizer system and the level of nitrogen nutrition.

Methods. Field, statistical and mathematical analysis.

Results. The results of studies of ecological plasticity indicators, homeostatic and yield stability of modern winter wheat varieties depending on the doses of nitrogen nutrition against the background of the main application of N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2016–2018 are presented. A specific response of varieties to doses of root nitrogen fertilizing was revealed depending on the development of crops in the autumn, the time of the growth-resumption in spring and weather conditions during the spring-summer period. For the studied varieties, the indicators of homeostaticity (Hom) were determined, which made it possible to evaluate the varieties by their suitability for cultivation in the region. Assessment of the agronomic stability of the tested winter wheat varieties showed a high level of realization of the yield potential, which in the control variants (without fertilizer) was 86.7%. On the variants of root nitrogen fertilizing of plants at the stage of spring tillering (N₂₀, N₄₀, N₆₀), this indicator varied from 85.6 to 87.4%.

Conclusions. The highest yield (5.77–7.01 t/ha) was obtained from the variety ‘Epokha Odeska’ with a positive genotypic effect (0.16–0.43 t/ha). Varieties ‘Epokha Odeska’ and ‘Statna’ can be considered as intensive because over the years they had a higher yield and a pronounced reaction to growing conditions. Over the years of research with all types of fertilizers ‘Smuhlianka’ variety turned out to be the most valuable in terms of the smallest yield fluctuation (0.46–0.61 t/ha) and coefficient of variation (V = 3.8–5.2%), high values of homeostaticity (Hom = 11.57–15.93) and agronomic stability of the realization of the productivity potential (As = 94.8–96.2%). Moreover, the application of different doses of nitrogen did not affect the manifestation of the stability of this variety. In general, the variety ‘Smuhlianka’ turned out to be more stable and economically valuable in comparison with the varieties ‘Epokha Odeska’ and ‘Statna’, which had potentially higher productivity, but with its large fluctuation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

С. І. Попов, Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine

Sergii Popov

О. Ю. Леонов, Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine

Oleg Leonov

К. М. Попова, Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine

Kateryna Popova

С. В. Авраменко, Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine

Sergii Avramenko

References

Ivashchenko, O. O., & Rudnyk-Ivashchenko, O. I. (2012). Directions for increasing food production in Ukraine. Vìsn. agrar. nauki [Вulletin of Agricultural Science], 9, 6–9. [in Ukrainian]

Kyrychenko, V. V., Popov, S. I., & Bondarenko, Ye. S. (2016). Grain production: causes of crop failure and ways to increase winter wheat yields in climate change. In V. V. Kyrychenko (Ed.), Osnovy upravlinnia produktyvnym protsesom polovykh kultur [Management Principles of Fild Crop Production Process] (рр. 524–536). Kharkiv: FOP Brovin O. V. [in Ukrainian]

Kochmarskyi, V. S., Kolomiiets, L. A., & Kyrylenko V. V. (2012). Breeding of winter wheat in Mironovka institute of wheat by name of V. Remeslo NAAS. Vìsn. agrar. nauki [Вulletin of Agricultural Science], 12, 51–54. [in Ukrainian]

Lytvynenko, M. A. (2010). Wintering of wheat. Nasinnytstvo [Seed Production], 2, 2–6. [in Ukrainian]

Tymchuk, V. M., Riabchun, N. I., Usova, Z. V., Suvorova, K. Yu., & Tymchuk, N. F. (2018). Analysis of fulfillment of winter wheat breeding programs as a transfer object. Vìsnik Centru naukovogo zabezpečennâ APV Harkìvs’koï oblastì [Bulletin of the Center for Science Provision of Agribusiness in the Kharkiv region], 25, 71–86. [in Ukrainian]

Rybalka O. I., & Lytvynenko, M. A. (2009). Creating winter wheat varieties of special use. Vìsn. agrar. nauki [Вulletin of Agricultural Science], 6, 36–41. [in Ukrainian]

Lytvynenko, M. A., & Chaika V. H. (2010). Varieties of universal type. Nasinnytstvo [Seed Production], 3, 1–6. [in Ukrainian]

Kyrylenko, V. V., & Shutenko, A. V. (2012). Nature of the manifestation of adaptive properties in winter wheat genotypes of Mironovka breeding. Bûleten’ Ìnstitutu sìl’s’kogo gospodarstva stepovoï zoni NAAN Ukraïni [Bulletin Institute of Agriculture of Steppe zone NAAS of Ukraine], 3, 55–58. [in Ukrainian]

Kochmarskyi, V. S. (2011). Winter wheat breeding for increased adaptability on indicators of grain quality. Agrobìologìâ [Agrobiology], 5, 87–93. [in Ukrainian]

Kostyria, I. V., Hasanova, I. I., Ostapenko, M. A., Ostapenko, S. M., & Bochevar, O. V. (2013). The influence of predecessors and mineral fertilizers on crop yield and quality of winter wheat grain in conditions of Prysyvashia. Bûleten’ Ìnstitutu sìl’s’kogo gospodarstva stepovoï zoni NAAN Ukraïni [The Bulletin of the Institute of Agriculture of Steppe Zone of NAAS of Ukraine], 4, 25–29. [in Ukrainian]

Chebakov, M. P., Zamlila, N. P., & Volohdina, H. B. (2010). Adaptability of new varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Myronivskoho instytutu pshenytsi imeni V. M. Remesla [Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat], 10, 108–118. [in Ukrainian]

Lykhochvor, V. V., Petrychenko, V. F., Ivashchuk, P. V., & Korniichuk, O. V. (2010). Roslynnytstvo. Tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur [Plant growing. Technologies for growing field crops]. Lviv: NVF Ukrainski tekhnolohii. [in Ukrainian]

Shevchenko, A. I. (2010). Agrochemistry and technology in modern agriculture: alternatives and perspectives. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Myronivskoho instytutu pshenytsi imeni V. M. Remesla [Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat], 10, 222–229. [in Ukrainian]

Derhachov, O. L. (2010). Influence of sowing dates and mineral nutrition backgrounds on baking quality of winter wheat grain. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Myronivskoho instytutu pshenytsi imeni V. M. Remesla [Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat], 10, 247–253. [in Ukrainian]

Popov, S. I., Avramenko, S. V., & Shevchenko, T. V. (2019). Efficiency of root nitrogen supplementary feeding of winter wheat in conditions of autumn drought in Eastern Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Vìsn. agrar. nauki [Вulletin of Agricultural Science], 5, 22–30. [in Ukrainian]

Cherenkov, A. V. (Ed.). (2015). Pshenytsia ozyma v zoni Stepu, klimatychni zminy ta tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia [Winter wheat in the Steppe zone, climate change and cultivation technologies] (pp. 342–343). Dnipropetrovsk: Nova ideolohiia. [in Ukrainian]

Lytvynenko, M. A. (2012). The wheat breeding and seed production department in the 100-year history of the institute. Zbìrnik naukovih prac’ SGÌ – NCNS [Collected Scientific Articles of PBGI – NCSCI], 20, 11–27. [in Ukrainian]

Lyfenko, S. P., & Hevrek, H. H. (2009). Grain quality and yield properties of winter soft wheat seeds depending on fertilizer background. Zbìrnik naukovih prac’ SGÌ – NCNS [Collected Scientific Articles of PBGI – NCSCI], 14, 69–77. [in Ukrainian]

Dogan, R., & Bilgili, U. (2010). Effects of previous crop and N-fertilization on seed yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under rain-fed Mediterranean conditions. Bulg. J. Agr. Sci., 16(6), 733–739.

Hangil’din, V. V., & Litvinenko, N. A. (1981). Homeostaticity and adaptiveness of winter wheat varieties. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy byuleten VSGI [Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the AUBGI], 1, 8–14. [in Russian]

Gudz, Yu. V., & Lavrinenko, Yu. A. (1997). Teoriya i praktika adaptivnoy selektsii kukuruzy [Theory and practice of adaptive corn breeding]. Kherson: BORISFEN-poligrafservis. [in Russian]

Rozhkov, A. O. (Ed.). (2016). Doslidna sprava v ahronomii. Knyha 1: Teoretychni aspekty doslidnoi spravy [Experimenting in agronomy. Book 1. Theoretical aspects of experimenting]. Kharkiv: Maidan. [in Ukrainian]

Rozhkov, A. O. (Ed.). (2016). Doslidna sprava v ahronomii. Knyha 2: Statystychna obrobka rezultativ ahronomichnykh doslidzhen [Experimenting in agronomy. Book 2. Statistical analysis of the results of agronomic research]. Kharkiv: Maidan. [in Ukrainian]

Burdeniuk-Tarasevych, L. A., Dubova, O. A., & Khakhula, V. S. (2012). Assessment of adaptive capacity of soft winter wheat varieties in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Ukraine. Selekciâ i nasìnnictvo [Plant Breeding and Seed Production], 101, 3–12. [in Ukrainian]