Аналіз біологічної ефективності та чинників якості грибів роду глива (Pleurotus (Fr.) P.Kumm) як моделі ефективного культивування ксилотрофів з високою функціональною цінністю

І. І. Бандура; А. С. Кулик; Н. А. Бісько; О. В. Хареба; О. М. Цизь; В. В. Хареба

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.16.4.2020.224047

Authors

І. І. Бандура Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-3293
А. С. Кулик Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-3084
Н. А. Бісько M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1894-0896
О. В. Хареба National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-1988
О. М. Цизь National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-7011
В. В. Хареба National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-2689

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.16.4.2020.224047

Keywords:

глива, штами, біологічна ефективність, зросток, плодове тіло, органолептична оцінка

Abstract

Purpose. Morphological and organoleptic evaluation of oyster mushroom strains for selection of highly productive cultivars assortment with valuable consumer properties for winter and summer cultivation and suitability for sale in fresh or processed form were investigated.

Methods. The scheme of the experiment included six strains of oyster mushrooms belonging to two species: Pleurotus ostreatus (5 strains: 2301, Z, 2316, 2456, 431) and P. pulmonarius (2314). Laboratory, laboratory-industrial and statistical methods are used.

Results. The dynamics of agrochemical parameters of substrates obtained by the method of aerobic fermentation in the high layer proved their optimality according to the main criteria and compliance to regulatory documentation. The biological efficiency of the strains was in the range of 40–78.9%. The highest weight of clusters was found in the “summer” strain 431 (430.7 g). The highest weight of the fruiting body was determined for the strain 2301 (15.2 g), the lowest – for the 2456 (3.3 g).

Conclusions. The values of biological efficiency of strains was determined. The highest average values for the first flush of fruiting had strains 2316 (78.9%) from the “winter” group (A) and 431 (78.4%) from the “summer” group (B). According to the results of statistical analysis, significant differences were revealed between the studied strains in the main morphological indicators of clusters. It was found that the mass of clusters of «winter» cultivars is much less dependent on the strain type (220.8–273.4 g) than that of «summer» cultivars (83.4–430.7 g). The index of the asymmetry coefficient of the cluster, which can be useful for calculating the required container sizes was proposed. It was determined that the morphological features of fruiting bodies had significant differences in all studied parameters. In particular, the A group strains differed in size and weight. It was proposed the index of weight loss of the crop coefficient, which shows the ratio between the cap and stipe of the fruiting body and make it possible to predict the amount of mushroom raw material that will be sold in the form of caps, and the amount of raw material that can be processed into minced mushroom, powder and others. The best coefficient was obtained for the fruiting bodies of strain 2314 (0.87), and the worst – for 2456 (0.59), which, accordingly, is not recommended for sale by individual fruiting bodies. It was found that the fruiting bodies of high-yielding strains 2316 and 431 had a number of organoleptic defects.

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Author Biographies

І. І. Бандура, Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University

Iryna Bandura

А. С. Кулик, Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University

Alina Kulik

Н. А. Бісько, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Nina Bisko

О. В. Хареба, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

Olena Khareba

О. М. Цизь, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Oleksandr Tsyz

В. В. Хареба, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

Volodymyr Khareba

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