Продуктивність пшениці м’якої озимого типу розвитку сорту ‘Дума одеська’ залежно від особливостей стерньового обробітку ґрунту

M. M. Korkhova; I. V Smirnova; N. V. Nikonchuk; B. M. Makarchuk

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.19.4.2023.291230

Authors

M. M. Korkhova Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6713-5098
I. V Smirnova Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8976-3818
N. V. Nikonchuk Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9425-2684
B. M. Makarchuk Dmytro Motornyi Tavria state agrotechnological university, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4957-8399

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.19.4.2023.291230

Keywords:

Triticum aestivum L., tillage units, intensity of straw decomposition, carrion and weed germination, density of productive stem, grain weight of one ear, grain yield

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the effect of surface soil tillage, carried out with the help of various agricultural machines, on its weediness, the intensity of decomposition of plant residues of winter barley and the yield of the next crop (winter wheat variety ‘Duma Odeska’).

Methods. General scientific, special, field, mathematical-statistical and computationalcomparative methods were used in the research.

Results. In the conditions of oversaturation of crop rotations and application of resource-saving cultivation technologies, the use of new tools for surface tillage with its simultaneous crushing, cutting of the root system of weeds and crop residues, their partial wrapping and mulching of the field surface is relevant. In 2021–2022, the greatest decomposition of winter barley stubble was observed 21 days after surface tillage with the DUCAT RST-6 rotary harrow – on average 5.1–6.5% higher values than when using the DUCAT UVT-6 vertical tillage harrow and the DUCAT-2.5 short disc harrow. The DUCAT RST-6 caused the highest weed and carrion seed germination (30–37 pcs/m² ), the DUCAT-2.5 the lowest (13–18 pcs/m² ). The highest grain yield of winter wheat of the variety ‘Duma Odeska’ (5.63 t/ha) in the years 2022–2023 was achieved by surface stubble cultivation with the DUCAT-2.5 implement.

Conclusions. According to the results of the conducted researches it was established that the stubble tillage with the rotary harvester DUCAT RST-6 immediately after the harvest of the preceding crop (winter barle) is the most favourable for the germination of carrion and weed seeds.

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