Analysis of soybean (Glycine max L.) breeding material using SSR markers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.21.3.2025.339310

Keywords:

similarity coefficients, principal components, DNA analysis, allele, hybridization efficiency

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the genetic diversity in soybean breeding material and select an effective set of SSR markers for hybridization assessment. Methods. Breeding (selection, reciprocal crosses), molecular (PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis), and statistical (hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis) methods were applied. Fifteen soybean breeding samples were analyzed using 10 SSR markers to identify polymorphic loci and evaluate genetic differentiation among parental and hybrid genotypes. Results. PCR analysis revealed from one to three alleles per locus. Seven markers (AW277661, Satt691, Satt349, Satt680, Satt545, Satt277, and Satt177) were polymorphic and effectively distinguished parental forms and hybrid combinations. Markers Satt152, Satt115, and Satt229 showed no polymorphism (allele frequency = 1.00), indicating their limited applicability for hybridization efficiency assessment. Hybrid combinations derived from parental forms No. 1 × No. 11, No. 1 × No. 15, and No. 1 × No. 17 showed two alleles at loci Satt349 and Satt691, confirming heterozygosity. Jaccard’s similarity coefficients (0–0.75) indicated the formation of two major cluster groups and one separate cluster represented by parental form No. 11. Clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) results were consistent, with the first two components (PC1 – 38.687%, PC2 – 27.432%) explaining 96.838% of the total variance. The highest variability was associated with markers AW277661, Satt691, Satt349, Satt680, Satt545, and Satt277, demonstrating their high informativeness in reflecting genetic differentiation among genotypes. Conclusions. The results confirm the effectiveness of SSR markers for identifying soybean hybrid combinations and assessing genetic similarity among parental lines. Seven polymorphic markers are recommended for evaluating hybridization efficiency, while Satt177 is considered potentially informative for further use. The consistency between clustering and PCA results supports the reliability of the genetic structure obtained. To enhance heterosis expression and broaden the genetic base of breeding programs, crosses between genotypes from different clusters are advisable. The use of a comprehensive set of informative SSR markers can improve the accuracy of parental selection and accelerate the development of high-yielding soybean varieties.

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Published

2025-09-25

How to Cite

Prysiazhniuk, L. M., Parii, M. F., Iliuchenko, A. O., Kozlova, S. O., Shliakhtun, I. S., Korol, L. V., & Melnyk, S. I. (2025). Analysis of soybean (Glycine max L.) breeding material using SSR markers. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 21(3), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.21.3.2025.339310

Issue

Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025)

Section

PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION

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Copyright (c) 2025 L. M. Prysiazhniuk, M. F. Parii, A. O. Iliuchenko, S. O. Kozlova, I. S. Shliakhtun, L. V. Korol, S. I. Melnyk

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