Карпологічні особливості рослин різних сортів рижію посівного Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz з генофонду Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України

D. B. Rakhmetov; O. P. Bondarchuk; S. O. Rakhmetova

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.21.3.2025.339313

Authors

D. B. Rakhmetov M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-3263
O. P. Bondarchuk M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-9063
S. O. Rakhmetova M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-2106

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.21.3.2025.339313

Keywords:

Camelina sativa, carpological features, oilseed crops, plant genotypes, micro- and macromorphological features, adaptive potential

Abstract

Purpose. To conduct macro- and micromorphological analysis and determine morphometric indicators of different genotypes of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz plants mobilized and created at the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine, in order to assess their breeding value as a source of genetic diversity for further agronomic research in Ukraine. Methods. During the research, genetic samples of C. sativa were introduced and selected based on the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and the Hlevakha Regional Research Center of the Institute of Genetic Resources of the NAS of Ukraine. The morphological characteristics of the fruits and seeds were determined using biometric and comparative methods, as well as digital recording in various projections, in accordance with the established morphological terminology. Morphometric indicators were determined using measuring instruments (a generic electronic digital calliper and a Xiaomi Duka SD measuring tape). The weight of 1000 seeds was assessed in accordance with international standards in ten repetitions. The experimental data were processed in Microsoft Excel (2019) to calculate the basic descriptive statistical parameters. Results. A morphological and biological analysis of 35 C. sativa plant genotypes from the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine collection fund revealed significant variability in the morphometric indicators of fruits and seeds depending on the genotype. A comprehensive analysis of the carpological characteristics of the samples was carried out for the first time, including the linear dimensions of the fruits, the weight of 1000 seeds, the shape, and the cross-sectional area. This allowed the genotypes to be classified by seed type (small, medium, and large). The best results were obtained with the ‘Runo’ and ‘Ranok’ varieties, as well as the EORZhYAF-1 and EORZhYAF-2 forms. The obtained data are of practical importance for creating high-yielding varieties of red mustard as a promising oilseed crop adapted to Ukrainian conditions. This study confirms the feasibility of further introducing C. sativa into agricultural production to strengthen food and biological security. Conclusions. The conducted carpological study allowed to identify genotypes of C. sativa with high morphological and biological potential. Three groups of plants were distinguished by the size of the fruit, which is determined by the area of its cross-section (macroplanar, mesoplanar and microplanar). According to micro- and macromorphological features, morphometric indicators of fruits and seeds, a significant advantage of the varieties ‘Ranok’ and ‘Runo’, as well as the forms EORZhYAF-1 and EORZhYAF-2, was established. The obtained results are a solid basis for using them in further breeding studies to create competitive varieties with high seed productivity. This will contribute to expanding the spectrum of alternative oilseed crops in Ukraine.

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