Retraction Policy

Retraction is the formal withdrawal of a publication to maintain scientific integrity.

Grounds for Retraction

• plagiarism
• duplicate publication
• data fabrication or falsification
• major scientific or methodological errors
• incorrect authorship
• undisclosed conflicts of interest
• republication without author consent.

Procedure

Initiators may include authors, the editorial office, or third parties.

The editorial board conducts an investigation with the participation of authors and experts.

The final decision is made by the editor-in-chief or deputy editor.

Formatting

The article remains in the issue but is clearly marked “RETRACTED” with the date of retraction.

Information about the retraction is communicated to relevant databases and indexing services.

Principles

Retraction does not release the authors from responsibility for the violation.

The editorial office acts objectively, impartially, and confidentially throughout the process.