Урожайність пшениці м’якої ярої залежно від норм висіву та застосування біологічних препаратів

B. S. Miliar; B. V. Blyzniuk

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.21.4.2025.346236

Authors

B. S. Miliar The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5582-5673
B. V. Blyzniuk The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7462-886X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.21.4.2025.346236

Keywords:

Triticum aestivum L., seeding rate, biological preparation, Planriz M, Trichodermin M, Kormin Impuls, yield, ecologization, sustainability of agroecosystems

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the influence of agrotechnological elements (sowing rates and biological fungicides) on the productivity of soft spring wheat varieties in ForestSteppe of Ukraine and to assess the role of the main research factors in the variation of this indicator. Methods. The study was conducted in the conditions of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS in 2023–2025 according to a multifactorial scheme: seeding rate (4.0 and 5.5 million seeds/ha), presowing treatment and foliar feeding [control and variants with Planriz M (spraying of crops in the BBCH 32 and BBCH 55 phases at a rate of 2 l/ha) + Kormin Impuls (presowing treatment of seeds at a rate of 1 l/t), Trichodermin M (spraying of crops in the BBCH 32 and BBCH 55 phases at a rate of 1 l/ha) + Kormin Impuls (presowing treatment of seeds at a rate of 1 l/t), Kormin Impuls (spraying of crops in the BBCH 32 phases at a rate of 1 l/ha)]. The experiment was set up in quadruplicate, using the randomized split block method. The level of reliability in it and the influence of factors were determined using variance analysis, calculating F, p, influence shares and LSD_0,05. The material for the research was five varieties of soft spring wheat of Myronivka breeding: ‘Elehiia Myronivska’ (standard), ‘MIP Oleksandra’, ‘Dubravka’, ‘Oksamyt Myronivskyi’ and ‘MIP Vesnianka’. Results. The level of variation in yield was most influenced by technological factors: biopreparation (55.7%), seeding rate (8.1%) and variety (6.8%). Stably higher productivity was recorded at a seeding rate of 4.0 million seeds/ha compared to 5.5 million seeds/ha (F = 523.4; p < 0.001), particularly in the dry year of 2025 (GTC = 0.75), when the difference exceeded the LSD_0,05threshold. The influence of the factor “biopreparation” accounted for 55–64% of the total variation in yield; the maximum average values were obtained using the Planriz M + Kormin Impuls combination at both seeding rates. Significant productivity levels were achieved with the varieties ‘Oksamyt Mironivskyi’ and ‘Dubravka’. In the subsample of 4.0 million seeds/ha, a stronger interaction between the factors “year ´ biopreparation” was noted, indicating sensitivity to contrasting weather conditions. For 5.5 million seeds/ha, a stronger interaction between “biopreparation ´ variety” was noted, highlighting the importance of selecting the “variety ´ parathion” pair in denser crops. Conclusions. In the conditions of the ForestSteppe of Ukraine, the optimal seeding rate is 4.0 million seeds/ha, at which point most varieties demonstrated maximum yield levels. In the ecologized technology of growing spring wheat, the introduction of a complex of biological preparations with fungicidal action (e.g. Planriz M or Trichodermin M) combined with organomineral fertiliser Kormin Impuls for foliar feeding is an effective technological factor in productivity formation.

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