Формування симбіотичного потенціалу та врожайності сої  під впливом ширини міжряддя та норми висіву насіння

N. V. Novytska; A. V. Lemeshyk; N. M. Doktor; V. Y. Kypyla; O. M. Martynov

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.21.4.2025.346237

Authors

N. V. Novytska National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-4151
A. V. Lemeshyk National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8696-5610
N. M. Doktor Separated Structural Unit “Mukachevo Professional College of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine”, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8887-898X
V. Y. Kypyla Separated Structural Unit “Mukachevo Professional College of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine”, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8887-898X
O. M. Martynov Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-7490

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.21.4.2025.346237

Keywords:

soybean, variety, sowing method, number of seeds per unit area, number of active nodules, weight of active nodules, yield

Abstract

Purpose. To establish the characteristics of symbiotic potential formation and soybean yield depending on row spacing and seeding rate under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were conducted in 2021–2023 on typical low-humus chernozem following a three-factor experimental design. Soybean varieties of different maturity groups (‘Zharlin’, ‘Sirelia’, ‘Saydina’, ‘Vyshyvanka’) were studied across three sowing methods (19 cm, 19 + 38 cm, 38 cm) and seeding rates of 450, 600, and 750 thousand units/ha. The G. S. Posypanov method was used to determine the number and weight of active nodules, the duration of symbiosis, and the active symbiotic potential of the crops. Yield was recorded per plot and recalculated to standard seed moisture and purity. Results. A row spacing of 19 + 38 cm contributed to an increase in the number of active nodules. It amounted to 39.0 and 38.9 units per plant for the ‘Sireliia’ and ‘Saidina’ varieties and 36.9 and 36.7 units for ‘Vyshyvanka’ and ‘Zharlin’ at a seeding rate of 450 thousand seeds/ha. The highest symbiotic potential was observed with band sowing (row spacing – 19 + 38 cm). Maximum values were recorded for ‘Sirelia’ – 10.24 kg·days/ha (600–750 thousand units/ha), ‘Saydina’ – 10.11 kg·days/ha (450 thousand units/ha), ‘Vyshyvanka’ – 10.07 kg·days/ha (600 thousand units/ha), and ‘Zharlin’ – 10.02 kg·days/ha (450 thousand units/ha). The highest yield for the ‘Sirelia’ variety was 2.92 t/ha, ‘Saydina’ – 2.82 t/ha, ‘Vyshyvanka’ – 2.74 t/ha, and ‘Zharlin’ – 2.72 t/ha. All achieved these values using the band sowing method with 19 + 38 cm row spacing. However, the seeding rate differed: 750 thousand units/ha for ‘Sirelia’ and ‘Zharlin’, 600 thousand units/ha for ‘Vyshyvanka’, and 450 thousand units/ha for ‘Saydina’. Conclusions. Band sowing with 19 + 38 cm row spacing and a seeding rate of 600–750 thousand units/ha contributed to an increase in the number of active nodule bacteria colonies and the symbiotic potential of soybean crops. Maximum variety yields were obtained using the same sowing method and row spacing, but with different seeding rates. For ‘Sirelia’ and ‘Zharlin’, it was 750 thousand seeds/ha; for ‘Vyshyvanka’ and ‘Saydina’, it was 600 and 450 thousand seeds/ha, respectively.

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