Оцінювання врожайних властивостей насіння пшениці м’якої озимої за морфотипами зародків залежно від проведення різних агротехнічних заходів

M. M. Lystukha

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.22.1.2026.357582

Authors

M. M. Lystukha The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-7521

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.22.1.2026.357582

Keywords:

Triticum aestivum L., varieties, yield properties, precrop, sowing date, nitrogen fertilizer UAN-32

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate the yield potential of seeds from new varieties of soft winter wheat developed by the Myronivka breeding program under conditions in the central part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, based on embryo morphotypes and taking into account preceding crops, sowing dates, and fertilizer rates. Methods. The study was conducted from 2021/22 to 2023/24 in the experimental fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS. It examined how different application rates of nitrogen fertiliser (UAN-32) – 25, 50 and 75 kg/ha of active ingredient (AI) – as well as sowing dates (the first and second decades of October) and preceding crops (sunflower and soybean), affected the formation of embryo types and the yield characteristics of soft winter wheat varieties (‘MIW Assol’, ‘Estafeta Myronivska’ and ‘MIW Dniprianka’). Results. The seeds of the winter soft wheat varieties under study produced six types of embryo. Types I and III were significant in proportion, but type II predominated, accounting for 42–76% depending on variety, preceding crop, sowing date, and nitrogen application rates. These factors significantly impacted yield characteristics. Yields were 3.2% higher when a soybean preceding crop was used, compared to a sunflower one, due to an average 5% higher proportion of seeds with embryo type II. Regarding sowing dates, sowing within the first ten days of October compared to the second ten days resulted in a 3–5% higher proportion of seeds with type II embryos. This contributed to an improvement in yield characteristics. Using the nitrogen fertiliser UAN-32 positively affected the formation of morphologically sound seeds. Increasing the application rate from 25 to 75 kg/ha of active ingredient also increased the proportion of seeds with embryo type II and consequently improved yield characteristics. Conclusions. To produce high-quality seeds with improved yield characteristics, the winter soft wheat varieties under study should be sown within the first ten days of October, after a soybean crop. UAN-32 nitrogen fertiliser should be applied at a rate of 75 kg/ha of active ingredient.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Riabokon, V. P. (2021). Socio-economic conditions of agricultural sector development. Ekonomika APK, 28(2), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202102006 [In Ukrainian]

Prysiazhniuk, O., Kononiuk, N., Cherniak, M., Musich, V., Kachura, Y., Prytula, O., Voievoda, L., & Honcharuk, O. (2025). Agroecological aspects of zonal application of fertilizers and pesticides in wheat cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 26(5), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/203075

Dutova, H. A., Kyienko, Z. B., & Pavliuk, N. V. (2024). Yield and quality of new varieties of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different soil and climatic conditions. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 20(4), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.20.4.2024.321923 [In Ukrainian]

Wang, D., Li, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, T., Wu, S., Wu, W., Li, Y., He, J., Liu, D., Dong, Q., & Feng, H. (2025). Explore the evolution of winter wheat production and its response to climate change under varying precipitation years in the Loess Plateau of China. Agricultural Water Management, 309, Article 109335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109335

Markovska, O., & Hrechyshkina, T. (2020). Winter wheat varieties productivity of on elements of growing technology under the conditions of Southern Step of Ukraine. Agrobiology, 1, 96–103. https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-96-103 [In Ukrainian]

Zakharchuk, O. V., & Zavalniuk, O. I. (2020). Seeds and planting material as an innovative crop product. Ekonomika APK, 1, 82–94. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202001082

Siroshtan, A. A., Kavunets, V. P., & Ilchenko, L. I. (2019). Yielding properties of bread winter wheat seeds depending on morphotypes of embryos and the influence of hydrothermal conditions and preceding crops on them. Myronivka Bulletin, 8, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.31073/mvis201908-03 [In Ukrainian]

Najjar, H., Miranda, M., Nuske, M., Roscher, R., & Dengel, A. (2025). Explainability of sub-field level crop yield prediction using remote sensing. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 18, 4141–4161. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3528068

Chaichi, M., Nemati, A., Dadrasi, A., Heydari, M, Hassanisaadi, M., Yousefi, A. R., Baldwin, T. C., & Mastinu, A. (2022). Germination of Triticum aestivum L.: effects of soil–seed interaction on the growth of seedlings. Soil Systems, 6(2), Article 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020037

Havryliuk, M. M., Sokolov, V. M., & Zhemoida, V. L. (2018). Practical seed production and seed science of agricultural plants. V. V. Morgun (Ed). TVORY. [In Ukrainian]

Kaliniewicz, Z., Choszcz, D., & Lipiński, A. (2022). Determination of seed volume based on selected seed dimensions. Applied Sciences, 12(18), Article 9198. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189198

Demydov, O. A., Siroshtan, A. A., Kavunets, V. P., Derhachov, O. L., Ilchenko, L. I., & Zabolotnyi, V. I. (2017). The influence of environmental conditions and predecessors on yielding capacity, sowing quality and crop properties of winter wheat seeds. Myronivka Bulletin, 5, 152–165. https://doi.org/10.31073/mvis201705-12 [In Ukrainian]

Shevchenko, V. T. (1974). Morphological and biological studies of common wheat embryos in light of the theory of seed quality heterogeneity. In Biology and technology of seeds (pp. 209–210). Kharkiv.

Siroshtan, A. A., Kavunets, V. P., Dergachev, O. L., Zaima, O. A., & Kliachenko, L. I. (2021). Improved methodology for evaluating the yield properties of seeds of winter and spring wheat varieties bred at Myronivka based on morphological features of embryos (methodological recommendations). H. D. Voloshchuk (Ed.). The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine [In Ukrainian]

Vyshnevskyi, V. V., Kindruk, M. O., Pavliuchenko, S. O., & Vyshnevska, A. M. (2012). Optimization of on-farm control of winter wheat seed cultivation. Ukrainian Farmer’s Manual, 2, 64–66. [In Ukrainian]

Ilchenko, L. I., & Siroshtan, A. A. (2017). Yield properties of soft winter wheat seeds based on embryo morphotypes. In Breeding, genetics and growing technologies for agricultural crops (p. 62). The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine [In Ukrainian]

Alam, B., Ullah, I., Ullah, F., Khan, I. U., Aslam, M. A., Zahid, G., Begum, S., Errum, A., Amin, F., Ikram, R., Murtaza, M., Jabeen, F., Yaseen, E., Ali, G. M., & Khattak, S. H. (2025). Morphological and yield characterization of different wheat genotypes. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 4(2), 151–157.

Kavunets, V. P., & Kochmarskyi, V. S. (2011). Winter wheat seed production. The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine [In Ukrainian]

Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Jończyk, K., Bocianowski, J., & Börner, A. (2026). The effect of different crop production systems on seed germination and longevity in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy, 16(2), Article 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020260

Demydov, O. A., & Siroshtan, A. A. (2018). Influence of ecological and agrotechnical conditions on yield and sowing quality of winter wheat seeds. Agroecological Journal, 1, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2018.160564 [In Ukrainian]

Demydov, O. A., Siroshtan, A. A., Kavunets, V. P., Derhachov, O. L., Zaima, O. A., Tsentylo, L. V., Lystukha, M. M., Kalitsinska, O. B., Pravdziva, I. V., Maleonchuk, O. V., Diachenko, L. V., & Los, R. M. (2023). Technology of growing winter wheat seeds (Guidelines) (A. A. Siroshtan & V. P. Kavunets, Eds.). The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. https://mip.com.ua/images/2024/Vudavnucha/Technologia_vyroshcuvannya_nasinna_pshenytsya_ozyma.pdf [In Ukrainian]

Griffith, B., & Friesen, L. (2021). Boundless statistics for organizations. Oklahoma. https://dlib.hust.edu.vn/bitstream/HUST/22911/1/OER000002117-1.pdf

Pedchenko, N., Birta, G., Karpenko, N., Strilets, V., & Ivannikova, M. (2024). Mathematical methods and methods of statistical information processing in scientific research methodology. Scientific Bulletin of PUET: Economic Sciences, 3, 89–95. https://doi.org/10.37734/2409-6873-2024-3-12 [In Ukrainian]